LiNbO₃ (Lithium Niobate ) Crystal
Keywords:
Laser Crystals
Magneto-Optic Crystals
Scintillation Crystals
- Product Introduction
- Key advantages
- Application areas
- Product Features
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- Commodity name: LiNbO₃ (Lithium Niobate ) Crystal
LiNbO₃ (Lithium Niobate ) crystal is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiNbO₃,which is a negative-type crystal and a ferroelectric material. When subjected to polarization treatment, lithium niobate crystals exhibit multifunctional properties, including piezoelectric, ferroelectric, optoelectronic, nonlinear optical, and thermoelectric characteristics, while also demonstrating a photorefractive effect.
Product Introduction
LiNbO₃ (Lithium Niobate ) crystal is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiNbO₃,which is a negative-type crystal and a ferroelectric material. When subjected to polarization treatment, lithium niobate crystals exhibit a remarkable combination of properties, including piezoelectric, ferroelectric, optoelectronic, nonlinear optical, and thermoelectric characteristics, while also displaying the photorefractive effect. As an electro-optic material, lithium niobate plays a crucial role in optical communication by enabling light modulation. Moreover, its single crystals are indispensable materials for applications such as optical waveguides, mobile phones, piezoelectric sensors, optical modulators, and various other linear and nonlinear optical devices.
LiNbO₃ crystals are currently widely used piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and electro-optic materials. Notably, they exhibit excellent electro-optic and nonlinear optical properties, making them highly valuable in laser technology. These applications primarily include Q-switching in Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, and Ti-doped sapphire lasers, as well as frequency doubling for wavelengths above 1000 nm, parametric oscillators, and terahertz radiation generation.
Key Advantages
- Miniaturization and resistant to deliquescence
- Stable mechanical and chemical properties, with high-temperature stability
- Large electro-optic coefficient, high electro-optic efficiency
- Wide transparency range, low absorption loss
- Easily grows into large crystals
- Low damage thresholdApplication Areas
- Medical applications
- Holography- Frequency doubling for wavelengths exceeding 1000 nm and optical parametric amplification using a 1064 nm pump light.
- 532nm laser -1064nm laser -2940nm laser
- Pulsed laser rangefinder- Optoelectronic Q-switch
Product Features
Material Properties
Crystal Structure
Trigonal, Space Group R3c, Point Group 3m
Lattice Constant
a=5.148Å,c =13.863Å
Density
4.64 g/cm³
Mohs Hardness
5 Mohs
Transparency Range
420~5200 nm
Electro-Optic Coefficient
γ T ₃₃=32 pm/V, γ S ₃₃=31 pm/V, γ T ₃₁=10 pm/V, γ S ₃₁= 8.6pm/V,
γ T ₂₂=6.8 pm/V, γ S ₂₂=3.4 pm/V,
Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 ℃)
38 W/m/K
Absorption Coefficient
0.1%/cm @1064nm
Piezoelectric Constants
D₂₂=2.04×10⁻¹¹ C/N; D₃₃=19.22×10⁻¹¹ C/N
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (@ 25°C)
//a, 2.0×10⁻⁶ /K, //c, 2.2×10⁻⁶ /K
Refractive Index
ne=2.146, no=2.220@1300 nm, /ne=2.156, no= 2.232@1064 nm
; /ne=2.203, no=2.286 @ 632.8nm
Curie Temperature
1140°C
Melting Point
1253°C
Product Processing Indicators
Effective Aperture
>90%
Dimensional Tolerance
(W ± 0.1 mm) × (H ± 0.1 mm) × (L ± 0.1 mm)
Chamfer
≤0.2×45°
Surface Quality
10-5 S-D
Flatness
≤λ/8@632.8nm
Wavefront Distortion
≤λ/4@632.8nm
Parallelism
<20"
Perpendicularity
≤15′
Chipped Edge
<0.1mm
Coating
AR at 1064 nm + 532 nm, with low reflectivity R < 0.2% at 1064 nm and R < 0.2% at 532 nm; coatings such as anti-reflection films or gold/chromium options are available, and custom coating services can be provided.
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- Offers a wide phase-matching bandwidth (409.6–3500 nm)
- Available across a wide wavelength range (190–3500 nm)
- High-frequency conversion efficiency (equivalent to 6 times that of KDP crystals)
- High damage threshold (10 GW/cm² at 1064 nm with a 100-ps pulse width)
- Temperature receiving angle width (around 55°C)
- Excellent optical uniformity: δn ≈ 10⁻⁶ /cm
- Temperature reception angle width (~55 ℃) -
- Second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonic generation of Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers;
- Frequency doubling, tripling, and mixing in dye lasers;
- Second, third, and fourth harmonic generation with Ti:Sapphire and Alexandrite lasers;
- Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA) and Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO);
- Frequency doubling of argon-ion, ruby, and Cu vapor lasers;
- In the research and development fields of advanced, precision, and cutting-edge laser technologies such as all-solid-state tunable lasers, ultrafast pulsed lasers, and deep-ultraviolet lasers. -
Material Properties Lattice structure Trigonal crystal system, space group R3c Unit cell parameters a = b = 12.532 Å, c = 12.717 Å, Z = 6 Density 3.85g/cm3 Mohs Hardness 4Mohs Translucent wavelength band 190–3500 nm Resistivity >1011 ohm•cm Electro-optic coefficient γ22 = 2.7 pm/V Acceptance angle 0.8 mrad·cm (θ, Type I, 1064 SHG)
1.27 mrad·cm (θ, Type II, 1064 SHG)
Half-wave voltage 7kV (at 1064 nm, 3x3x20mm³) Absorption coefficient α < 0.1%/cm at 1064 nm
SHG Phase-Matching Range 409.6–3500 nm (Type I) 525–3500 nm (Type II) Coefficient of thermal expansion α11 = 4 × 10⁻⁶ /K, α33 = 36 × 10⁻⁶ /K
Thermal conductivity 1.2 W/m/K (⊥c); 1.6 W/m/K (∥c)
Refractive index @ 1064 nm ne = 1.5425, no = 1.6551 Melting point 1095°C Product Processing Metrics Effective Aperture >90% Dimensional Tolerance (W ± 0.1 mm) × (H ± 0.1 mm) × (L ± 0.1 mm) Protective Chamfer ≤0.2 × 45° Surface finish 10-5 S-D Flatness ≤λ/8 @ 632.8 nm Wavefront Distortion ≤λ/8 @ 632.8 nm Parallelism <30" Verticality ≤15′ Chipped edge <0.1 mm Damage threshold >1 GW/cm² @ 1064 nm, 10 ns, 10 Hz (anti-reflection coating)
> 0.3 GW/cm² @ 532 nm, 10 ns, 10 Hz (anti-reflection coating)
> 1.5 GW/cm² @ 1064 nm, 10 ns, 10 Hz (polished wafer)
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